Physics Nobel Prize

IEEE congratulates John Clarke, Professor Emeritus at UC Berkeley, Michel Devoret, Professor at UC Santa Barbara and Professor Emeritus of Applied Physics at Yale University, and John M. Martinis, Professor Emeritus at UC Santa Barbara, on winning the 2025 Nobel Prize for Physics. The prize was awarded jointly to the scientists “for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantization in an electric circuit.”

According to the announcement from the Nobel Foundation, the laureates’ contributions have “conducted experiments with an electrical circuit in which they demonstrated both quantum mechanical tunnelling and quantized energy levels in a system big enough to be held in the hand.” It further explains that the laureates’ work has already been a great benefit in advancing quantum physics and has “provided opportunities for developing the next generation of quantum technology, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors.”

Following is a sampling of some of the laureates’ most highly cited published works that can be found in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library. Many of the papers listed below helped to either lay the foundation or further build upon their pioneering achievements in quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantization. All of the following articles listed below are available free to access in IEEE Xplore for a limited period of time.

“Superconducting quantum interference devices: State of the art and applications”
Proceedings of the IEEE, October 2004
R. Kleiner; D. Koelle; F. Ludwig; J. Clarke
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1335547

“Principles and applications of SQUIDs”
Proceedings of the IEEE, August 1989
J. Clarke
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/34120

“A series array of DC SQUIDs”
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, March 1991
R.P. Welty; J.M. Martinis
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/133821

“Two-stage integrated SQUID amplifier with series array output”
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, March 1993
R.P. Welty; J.M. Martinis
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/233523

“Controlled transfer of single charge carriers”
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, March 1991
C. Urbina; H. Pothier; P. Lafarge; P.F. Orfila; D. Esteve; M. Devoret; L.J. Geerligs; V.F. Anderegg; P.A.M. Holweg; J.E. Mooij
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/133742

“Passing electrons one by one: is a 10/sup -8/ accuracy achievable?”
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, April 1993
H. Pothier; P. Lafarge; D. Esteve; C. Urbina; M.H. Devoret
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/278575

In addition, there are over 100,000 articles related to the topics of quantum mechanics, quantum computing, and other quantum related technologies in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library.

You can also find additional articles published by the 2025 laureates John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John M. Martinis in IEEE Xplore.